PIC16F877A and LM35 Based Temperature Monitor

PIC16F877A and LM35 Based Temperature Monitor

Interfacing LM35 Temp sensor with PIC16F877A Microcontroller

Why we chose PIC16F877A not 8051 Microcontroller?

The answer is simple in this project we are using LM35 sensor which is analog sensor here we need another IC Analog to Digital to convert the sensor analog reading in to digital so If you are going to chose 8051 microcontroller for this project you must attach another A2D ic because 8051
have no bulletin A2d converter but Pic microcontroller have so that’s why we select PIC16F877A instead of 8051 because it’s easy, cheap and simple.

Sensor LM35 pin out?

This is Temperature sensor which you can get easily from the market with low price The LM35 pin out is so simple the first pin is for input power maximum 5v Dc and the Middle pin is for Analog input and the third pin is for Ground

10mV ===> 1C
20mV ======> 2C
370mV ====> 37.0C and so on…...

Software and Other Tools :

First you need to install the Proteus vsm on your computer the good news is that you people can download Proteus Setup free from our blog and the second one is PIC-C compiler where you people can compile the C-code and will get the Hex file.

Schematic :

The Relay Load Is optional if you want to connect Load so go ahead .....

Hardware Level :

After completing everything at the software level then you can go easily at hardware side at hardware
you just need Pickit 2 Burner just put ic and Burn program on it and enjoy ...

Finally the Code :

Download everything the full package in Zip File

1) PDF documents

2) pic-c Compiler

3) code hex file

4) Proteus simulation
i upload the Zip file to GoogleDrive

just one click & Download Now

if You have any Question Regarding this Project so you can Ask anytime  leave a comment...

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Digital Electronics

Digital Electronics

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Capacitors

Capacitors store electric charge. They are used with resistors in timing circuits because it takes time for a capacitor to fill with charge. They are used to smooth varying DC supplies by acting as a reservoir of charge. They are also used in filter circuits because capacitors easily pass AC (changing) signals but they block DC (constant) signals.

Capacitance

This is a measure of a capacitor's ability to store charge. A large capacitance means that more charge can be stored. Capacitance is measured in farads, symbol F. However 1F is very large, so prefixes are used to show the smaller values.

Three prefixes (multipliers) are used, µ (micro), n (nano) and p (pico):

• µ means 10-6 (millionth), so 1000000µF = 1F
• n means 10-9 (thousand-millionth), so 1000nF = 1µF
• p means 10-12 (million-millionth), so 1000pF = 1nF

Capacitor values can be very difficult to find because there are many types of capacitor with different labelling systems!

There are many types of capacitor but they can be split into two groups, polarised and unpolarised. Each group has its

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BRANCH CURRENT METHOD

In the branch current method Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws are used to solve for the current in each branch of a circuit. Once the branch currents are known, voltages can be determined.

STEPS

The following are the general steps used in applying the branch current method.

Step 1: Assign a current in each circuit it branch in an direction.

Step 2: Show the polarities of the resistor voltages according to the assigned branch current direction.

Step 3: Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law around each closed loop (Sum of voltages equal to zero).

Step 4: Apply Kirchhoff's current law at the minimum number of nodes so that all branch currents are included (Sum of currents at a node equals zero).

Step 5: Solve the equations resulting from step 3 and 4 for the branch current values.

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The Escalators Mechanism with Diagram

The escalators mechanism with diagram

The core of an escalator is a pair of chains, looped around two pairs ofgears. An electric motor turns thedrive gears at the top, which rotate th­e chain loops. A typical escalator uses a 100 horsepowermotor to rotate the gears. The motor and chain system are housed inside the truss, a metal structure extending between two floors.

Instead of moving a flat surface, as in a conveyer belt, the chain loops move a series of steps. The coolest thing about an escalator is the way these steps move. As the chains move, the steps always stay level. At the top and bottom of the escalator, the steps collapse on each other, creating a flat platform. This makes it easier to get on and off the escalator. In the diagram below, you can see how the escalator does all of this.

Each step in the escalator has two sets of wheels, which roll along two separate tracks. The upper set (the wheels near the top of the step) are connected to the rotating chains, and so are pulled by the drive gear at the top of the escalator. The other set of wheels simply glides along its track, following behind the first set.

The tracks are spaced apart in such a way that each step will always remain level. At the top and bottom of the escalator, the tracks level off to a horizontal position, flattening the stairway. Each step has a series of grooves in it, so it will fit together with the steps behind it and in front of it during this flattening.

In addition to rotating the main chain loops, the electric motor in an escalator also moves the handrails. A handrail is simply a rubber conveyer belt that is looped around a series of wheels. This belt is precisely configured so that it moves at exactly the same speed as the steps, to give riders some stability.

The escalator system isn't nearly as good as an elevator at lifting people dozens of stories, but it is much better at moving people a short distance. This is because of the escalator's high loading rate. Once an elevator is filled up, you have to wait for it to reach its floor and return before anybody else can get on. On an escalator, as soon as you load one person on, there's space for another.

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